How much does facial feminization surgery (FFS) cost in Turkey?
The cost of facial feminization surgery (FFS) in Turkey is around £13,900, compared with £7,100 to £20,900 in the UK. This package covers nine procedures, from the forehead to the Adam’s apple, set out in the table below. The surgery is carried out under general anaesthesia, in one or more sessions.
| Hairline lowering | £1,650 |
| Brow lift | £1,500 |
| Cheek augmentation | £2,350 |
| Rhinoplasty | £1,900 |
| Liposuction | £1,800 |
| Upper lip lift | £780 |
| Jawline contouring | £1,900 |
| Genioplasty (chin) | £1,100 |
| Tracheal shave (Adam’s apple reduction) | £1,050 |
Introduction
Facial feminization surgery, or FFS, is the opposite of facial masculinization. It is a form of cosmetic surgery in Turkey that mainly concerns transgender people.
Assigned male at birth, these patients want their facial features to match their gender identity. Surgery works on the bone structures and soft tissues that carry the secondary sexual characteristics of the face. It can ease appearance-related dysphoria, although it is not on its own a complete answer to transition.
But many cisgender women also dream of having this plastic surgery of facial appearance in a hospital setting. They have a masculine feature and want to make it more feminine.
Note that feminization surgery and facelift surgery are among the personalised treatments that are not covered by the NHS in the UK. Yet it is a procedure that, although popular, is rather expensive.
So, to fulfil this dream of looking more feminine, many patients turn to cosmetic tourism in Turkey. It is now the leading destination for plastic surgery patients from Europe and the Middle East.
Having FFS in Turkey, especially at a qualified aesthetic medicine clinic in Istanbul, is a more affordable choice. No validated measuring tool exists, however, to compare the results of FFS from one surgeon to another[2].
What is facial feminization surgery (FFS)?
Facial feminization surgery in Turkey is a unique branch of aesthetic medicine, performed by a specialist surgeon. It is a turnkey clinical procedure that combines several operations to soften the line and the facial features. After the process, the facial features are softened.
FFS involves modifying different areas of the face and neck. The operation is carried out under general anaesthesia in most cases. Sometimes a single operation is enough. But the surgeon can also schedule several surgical procedures in a hospital setting. Facial feminization can also be combined with other cosmetic treatments, such as:
- Lifting to remove wrinkles and fine lines,
- Skin treatments such as the removal of brown spots,
- Botox injections to rejuvenate the face, and so on.
Who is facial feminization surgery for?
Transgender and non-binary people are the ideal candidates for facial feminization surgery in Turkey. They often feel that their facial features do not match the gender identity they want to have. FFS is a key step in their transition.
But FFS can also appeal to a woman who has a facial feature that is too masculine. This can indeed become a source of stress and distress. This type of procedure suits women who have:
- A forehead that is too high or too wide,
- A brow ridge that is too heavy or too prominent,
- A jaw or chin that is too wide, with a structure that is too pointed or too angular,
- Heavy upper eyelids.
Is there a minimum age for FFS?
It is possible to take the step from the age of 18, according to several sources. In published series, the average age of patients operated on is 37.3[4]. Physical and psychological maturity is needed before considering such transformations.
Which procedures are included in facial feminization surgery?
The operations to be carried out depend on the patient’s facial features. They can affect the upper, middle and lower face as well as the neck. Gender-affirming facial surgery is tailored to the wishes of the person concerned. In other words, the treatment must be personalised. Here are some of the procedures that facial feminization specialists in Turkey perform.
Forehead contouring and brow lift
Forehead contouring is a very common FFS technique. It aims to reshape brows that are too prominent and to lift the eyelids. All of this opens up the eyes and makes the face softer. The specialist has several methods at their disposal. They can perform bone contouring, shaving of the bone or the use of a bone graft.
Rhinoplasty
Rhinoplasty in Turkey is also an effective facial feminization method. It involves improving the structure of the nose. To do this, the surgeon needs to:
- Reduce its size,
- Improve its curves,
- Change the angle between the nose and the upper lip,
- Narrow the nostrils,
- Refine the tip.
Jaw and chin contouring
Jaw correction is also on the list of gender-affirming FFS procedures. The jaw is indeed more pronounced and square in men. It needs to be made rounder, and therefore softer. The surgeon can modify the jawbone or the angle of the mandible. The goal is to recreate an oval or heart-shaped face.
Tracheal shave
This facial feminization technique is very common among transgender people. It means reducing the Adam’s apple. Reduction of the laryngeal prominence is the medical term most often used. The specialist gradually removes this protruding part that distinguishes a man from a woman.
Liposuction and fat grafting
These complete the neck and jaw reconstruction techniques. FFS specialists sometimes offer removal of excess fat in these areas with liposuction. The patient will then have a more defined and slimmer jaw. But they may also carry out a fat graft to plump up certain areas such as the lips.
What are the risks, complications and side effects of FFS?
The decision to have facial feminization surgery in Turkey is not without risk. Complications can arise during the operation. The operation itself could also cause adverse effects. Here are the problems that could arise after the procedure.
Anaesthesia risks
As a reminder, FFS is carried out under general anaesthesia. However, the anaesthetic can cause allergic reactions, breathing difficulties or even death in some people.
Infection and bleeding
During and after the procedure, complications such as an infection or excessive bleeding can arise. The incisions made may then leave unsightly scars.
Nerve damage
During the procedure, there is a risk that the nerves may be affected. This will cause temporary or permanent nerve damage. They are associated with unpleasant symptoms such as:
- Tingling,
- Numbness in the face,
- Muscle weakness.
Poor result
Discovering the result of surgery is a powerful moment. In published series, the revision surgery rate is 2.17%[1]. The result also depends on the expectations set out before the procedure. The result can be disappointing. Sometimes revision surgery is even necessary.
Emotional issues
Having facial feminization surgery is not a minor act. It can bring about a certain change in appearance. When the changes are unsatisfactory, the risk of emotional distress is significant.
How does the operation unfold?
Facial feminization surgery in Turkey takes place in several stages. Here is what they are.
A consultation
Anyone who decides to have FFS must book an appointment for an initial consultation. During this first meeting, the specialist is required to provide detailed information about how the operation will unfold.
Above all, they must set out the risks and complications. They must also answer every question the patient asks. The patient is also expected to tell the specialist their expectations and goals.
The cosmetic surgeon must also carry out a morphological assessment at this meeting. This allows them to identify the elements to be modified to achieve the desired result. In published series, standardised photography is used in 86% of cases and cephalometric imaging or CT scanning in 55%[3].
It should be said that every patient has unique needs. The professional will then draw up the treatment plan and the quote. They give the patient time to think. When the patient signs the quote, the procedure is triggered.
Preparation
This is a very important phase, because the success of the procedure depends on it. The surgeon sets up a preoperative examination. They must assess the patient’s medical history. The aim is to identify in advance the risks of such a procedure for their health. The operation is cancelled if there are any contraindications.
The professional then gives precise preoperative instructions. They serve to prevent and reduce risks and complications. They generally ask the patient to avoid certain medicines or foods.
The operation
After a successful preparatory phase, the operation is scheduled. On the agreed date, the patient arrives at the clinic. The medical team carries out the procedure.
Recovery
A patient who has just had facial feminization surgery needs a recovery period of varying length. They may indeed feel swelling and some discomfort. Physical activity should be reduced, or even stopped, during the first week. It takes around 15 days before the stitches are removed. Postoperative follow-up is part of the plan. Its length varies depending on the operations carried out.
Why have FFS in Turkey?
Turkey is a well-known destination for medical tourism. It is home to many hospitals equipped with modern, high-quality medical equipment, such as the one in Ankara. The country also has several surgeons specialising in aesthetic medicine, with extensive experience.
Note also that the time difference between Turkey and the UK is only two hours. The patient can therefore avoid the effects of jet lag, such as sleep disturbance and irritability. To top it all off, the cost of medical procedures is reasonable. Having facial feminization surgery in Turkey is therefore an advantageous option.
Dr MFO is a Turkish practitioner specialising in FFS and gender-affirming surgery. He is an expert in facial feminization, breast augmentation and genital reconstruction. The clinic is located in Antalya, an extremely well-known tourist destination. This vibrant city has magnificent beaches and a rich history. This trip to Turkey is the ideal opportunity to discover this exceptional place.
What is the price of facial feminization surgery in Turkey?
The price of facial feminization surgery in Turkey depends on several factors, namely:
- The changes to be made,
- The place where the procedure is carried out,
- The surgeon’s experience and reputation,
- The cost of preoperative and postoperative care,
- Consultation fees,
- Additional treatments to be provided.
The budget for FFS in Turkey is around £13,900, depending on the procedures chosen and the length of hospital stay. How much is covered depends on your own situation, so it is worth checking with the NHS.
Frequently asked questions about FFS in Turkey
How long does the recovery period last?
It depends on the extent of the procedure. In general, it lasts between three and four weeks. After that, the patient can return to a normal life.
What result should you expect?
You need to wait 6 to 12 months to be able to see the final result of facial feminization surgery in Turkey.
What results do studies report ?
A meta-analysis of 1,837 patients reports a significant improvement in quality of life, a revision rate of 2.17% and complications dominated by palpable hardware[1]. See also the full surgical pathway.
How long do you need to stay in Turkey ?
The stay covers the consultation, the procedure and the first follow-up checks. The stitches are removed around the fifteenth day and this can be done in the UK. See medical tourism in Turkey for the arrangements.
Will there be scars?
The surgeon has to make incisions and sometimes a bone graft. The lines follow the hairline or the natural folds of the face. An abnormal scar is reported in 2.17% of cases and palpable hardware in 3.45%[1].
How should you pack your bags?
The patient should bring comfortable clothes and the medical supplies they need during their stay and recovery period. It is also a good idea to bring books, games or other entertainment.
How can you speed up healing?
To speed up healing, you must follow all of the doctor’s postoperative instructions to the letter. The patient should also rest after the procedure. Finally, it is important to stay hydrated.
Sources & References
- Raner GA, Jaszkul KM, Bonapace-Potvin M, Al-Ghanim K, Bouhadana G, Roy AA, Bensimon É. Quality of life outcomes in patients undergoing facial gender affirming surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Transgender Health. 2023. Read the source
- Uhlman K, Gormley J, Churchill I, Huynh M, Leveille CF, McRae MH, McRae MC, Musgrave MA. Outcomes in facial feminization surgery: a systematic review. Facial Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine. 2022. Read the source
- Tirrell AR, Abu El Hawa AA, Bekeny JC, Chang BL, Del Corral G. Facial feminization surgery: a systematic review of perioperative surgical planning and outcomes. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open. 2022. Read the source
- Gursky AK, Chinta SR, Wyatt HP, Belisario MN, Shah AR, Kantar RS, Rodriguez ED. A comprehensive analysis of genioplasty in facial feminization surgery: a systematic review and institutional cohort study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024. Read the source
